Aiming device for guns.



L. MACH. AIMING DEVICE FOR GUNS. APPLICATION FILED 00T.9, 1912.

1 60,469. Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

.show modifications of the ocular lens.

IiUID'WIG MACH, OF VIENNA AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.

AIMING DEVICE FOR GUNS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 29, 1913.

Application filed October 9, 191%. Serial No. 724,834.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LUDWIG MACH, a citizen of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, residing at Vienna, Austria-Hungary, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Aiming Devices for Guns, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to an aiming device for guns and consists in an arrangement of an objective provided with a pointing mark, an ocular likewise provided with a ointing mark and so correlated to each other that the same form a telescope of the well-known Galilean type. Such optical system is in practice so used that said objective and ocular are positioned both within the range of sharp sight of the observer so that same may perceive the pointing mark on the objective and that on the ocular together with an image of the distant object to be aimed at and produced by the optical device which forms the Galilean telescope. In order to allow quick orientation it is advisable to make the ocular lens of larger diameter than the objective and to arrange it in such a manner that rays from distant objects may directly impinge thereon or on its peripheral part without previously passing through said objective. In this way the observer perceives the enlarged image of the distant object to be aimed at within a peripheral field showing the distant objects as they are seen by directly lookinithereon through the art.

ocular lens or its perip eral on the accom- The invention is illustrate panying drawing.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through an embodiment of the new aiming device. Figs. 2 and 3 are views of the ocular and of the objective respectively. Figs. 4 and 5 Fi 6 is a longitudinal section of a modified d vice, showing the ocular lens of larger diameter than the objectivelens. The numeral a designates an objective and the numeral 6 an ocular which form together a so-called Galilean telescope. The objective a is provided with a pointing mark consisting in across the two beams of which are preferably made of broad lines. Instead of a cross every other form of pointing mark would suit with the purpose. The ocular b is likewise provided with a pointing mark in the form of a cross the two beams of which in this case preferably pass through the whole diameter of the .lens. The obforming' a pointin into cooperation with the pointing mark op jective and the ocular are mounted both on a rigid bar 0. The objective and the ocular are positioned at a comparatively small distance from each other say from 8 to 15 centimeters. The bar 0 which carries the lenses a, b is so fixed on the gun that the eye of the observer remains at a distance fromsay 8' centimeters from the ocular so that theobserver perceives the ocular and the objective and the pointing marks thereon both within the range of sharp sight; an image of the distant'object aimed at appearing likewise therefore, perceives besides the mentioned image of the distant objects to be aimed at produced by combined action by the obective and the ocular an image of the field inclosin an image of diminished size showing theandscape inclosing theobjects which are perceived in the central field of view of the telescope. tation. In order to adapt the instrument to the aiming on objects in different distances instead of the one horizontal cross line in the ocular shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing a plurality of horizontal lines may be provided. The crossing point of each said lines mark 'is. to be brought theobject.

As apparent from the previous description only the central part of the ocular is used for the formation of the image of the distant object to be aimed at whereas the This allows quick orien-' peripheral part of the ocular only serves the purpose of producing an image of 'diminished size of the landscape surrounding the object to be aimed at. For the production of such image a smaller curvature of the lens is suflicient and advisable in order to avoid the image of the landscape becoming too small. Therefore, the forms of the ocular shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are shown.

with thecentral part of higher curvature and a peripheral part of smaller curvature.

The pointing marks on the objective andthe ocular may be made self-luminous, as by the use of any of the well-known phosphorescent paints. This allows the use ,of the device in twilight.

ocular being positioned with relation to each other and to the eye of the-observer within the range of sharp sight.

2 Aiming device for guns comprising an objective and an ocular of larger diameter than said objective both provided with pointing marks and mounted so as to stand free in the open air and so correlated to each other as to form a telescope of the Galilean type and so positioned with relation to the eye of the observer that said objective and said ocular are both within the range of sharp sight.

3. Aiming device for guns comprising an objective and an ocular both provided with pointing marks and forming together a telescope of the Galilean type the ocular lens being larger in diameter than the objective and provided -with a central part of higher curvature and a peripheral part of smaller curvature.

4. Aiming device comprising an objective provided with a pointing mark and an ocular of larger diameter than the objective and likewise provided with a pointing mark, said objective and ocular mounted so .as to stand free in the open air and forming together a Galilean telescope.

5. Aiming device comprising an objective provided with a self-luminous pointing mark and an ocular of larger diameter than the objective and likewise provided with a self-luminous pointing mark, said objective and ocular mounted so asto stand free in the open air and forming together a telescope of the Galilean type.

' In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

LUDWIG MACH.

Witnesses WOLDEM AR HAUPT, HENRY HASPER. 

